Sources: where the rules, figures and strategies come from

Every figure in this app is computed by the app itself, in exact arithmetic or by exhaustive enumeration or simulation, and cross-checked against the published references below. The rules and strategies are the standard ones; these are the places they are documented.

The research chapters (roulette strategy research) and the strategy results are produced the same way: seeded simulations of spinner’s own engine, with the analysis code the app ships.

Open Sources in spinner

Betting systems

• Martingale (betting system), Wikipedia
  The Martingale and Grand Martingale progressions.
• Oscar's grind, Wikipedia
  The Oscar's Grind rules (aim for one unit per cycle). We generalise it to arbitrary payouts.
• Fibonacci betting system, Wikipedia
  The Fibonacci progression.
• d'Alembert betting system, Wikipedia
  The d'Alembert progression.
• Labouchère system, Wikipedia
  The cancellation (split-sum) progression.
• Paroli system, Wikipedia
  The Paroli (reverse Martingale) progression, and the 1-3-2-6 variant.

James Bond strategy

• James Bond roulette strategy, CasinoBeats
  The 14 / 5 / 1 split (70 / 25 / 5 percent) across 19-36, the 13-18 six-line and zero. The attribution to Ian Fleming is folklore: CasinoBeats notes that Bond never used it in a book or film.
• James Bond roulette strategy, PokerNews
  A second description of the same bet split.

Roulette rules

• Roulette, Wikipedia
  Wheel orders, call bets (voisins, tiers, orphelins, jeu zéro) and house edges.
• En prison, Wikipedia
  The La Partage and En Prison rules. The edges are derived exactly by the app.
• Roulette, Wizard of Odds, Michael Shackleford
  Roulette rules and bet payouts.

Statistics

• Sample quantiles in statistical packages, Rob J. Hyndman and Yanan Fan, 1996
  Type 7 quantiles (the R default).
• Probable inference, the law of succession, and statistical inference, Edwin B. Wilson, 1927
  The Wilson score interval for rates.
• Interval estimation for the difference between independent proportions, Robert G. Newcombe, Statistics in Medicine 17:873-890, 1998
  The hybrid score interval used to compare two rates.
• Welch (1947) and Satterthwaite (1946), B. L. Welch; F. E. Satterthwaite
  The unequal-variance t interval and its degrees of freedom, for unpaired comparisons.
• On the histogram as a density estimator: L2 theory, David Freedman and Persi Diaconis, 1981
  The histogram bin width rule.
• Note on a method for calculating corrected sums of squares and products, B. P. Welford, 1962
  Running mean and variance.
• An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, William Feller
  The gambler's ruin formulas, used as analytic test oracles.
• DescTools::BinomDiffCI, R documentation
  Reference values for the Newcombe test vector (56/70 vs 48/80); the package attributes the data to a WUSS 2016 paper.

Algorithms

• SplitMix64, Guy L. Steele Jr., Doug Lea and Christine H. Flood, 2014; reference code by Sebastiano Vigna
  Seed expansion. Rewritten over 32-bit pairs; the constants are the published ones.
• xoshiro128**, David Blackman and Sebastiano Vigna (public domain)
  The random number generator behind every spin.
• FIPS 180-4, Secure Hash Standard (SHA-256), NIST
  Content-addressed ids when WebCrypto is unavailable.

Software

• Preact (MIT license), © Jason Miller and contributors
  The UI library, the only runtime dependency.

Help

• National Council on Problem Gambling: 1-800-GAMBLER
  Free, confidential help if gambling is a problem for you or someone close to you.

Source code: github.com/creynia/spinner (MIT license).